The structural design and equipment layout of substations generally adhere to the following requirements:
① Ancillary 10 kV substations located on the ground floor of a building do not require partitioned rooms; transformers and high/low-voltage switchgear may be arranged in the same room on the same level, provided specific clearance distances are maintained. Conversely, independent 35 kV substations housed in dedicated structures must be arranged with functional areas separated by floor and room.
② The indoor layout of the substation should be compact and rational, facilitating operation, maintenance, testing, and inspection by personnel. Switchgear installation must meet minimum aisle width requirements while making appropriate allowances for future expansion.
③ For substations with partitioned layouts, the positioning of functional rooms should be logical: the high-voltage distribution room should be adjacent to the high-voltage capacitor room, and the low-voltage distribution room adjacent to the transformer room. The low-voltage distribution room should facilitate outgoing cable connections, and the control room should be situated to support the work and management duties of operating personnel.
④ Facilities within high- and low-voltage distribution rooms must comply with safety and fire protection standards; the use of combustible materials for interior finishing is prohibited.
⑤ Doors for high- and low-voltage distribution rooms, capacitor rooms, and transformer rooms must open outwards; doors between adjacent distribution rooms must be capable of opening in both directions.
⑥ High- and low-voltage distribution rooms, capacitor rooms, transformer rooms, and main control rooms must be equipped with measures to prevent the entry of rain, snow, snakes, and rodents through doors, windows, or cable trenches.
