The operating principle of a distribution transformer is based on electromagnetic induction. When an alternating voltage is applied to the high-voltage winding, an alternating magnetic flux is generated in the iron core.
This alternating flux induces an electromotive force in the low-voltage winding. By adjusting the turns ratio between the high-voltage and low-voltage windings, the voltage can be stepped up or stepped down. For instance, if the number of turns in the high-voltage winding is ten times that of the low-voltage winding, the voltage on the high-voltage side will be ten times that of the low-voltage side, while the current on the low-voltage side will be ten times that of the high-voltage side (assuming losses are negligible).
